The National Transportation Safety Board released preliminary findings Wednesday confirming that a Tesla driver manually overrode the vehicle’s Full Self-Driving technology before a fatal crash that killed a Texas grandmother. The driver pressed the accelerator pedal to 100 percent, disabling the automated system entirely, according to electronic data recovered from the vehicle. The Tesla Model 3 reached speeds greater than 70 mph during the crash in a residential neighborhood with a posted limit of just 30 mph.

The crash occurred in June when Michael Butler, a 44-year-old driver, plowed his vehicle into a Katy, Texas home, killing 76-year-old Martha Avila inside. The NTSB report noted that weather conditions were clear, the roadway was dry, and daylight was present at the time of the incident. Federal investigators examined the car’s electronic data to determine what happened in the moments before impact.

The findings align with earlier statements from Tesla AI head Ashok Elluswamy, who said the driver manually overrode the self-driving feature by pressing the accelerator all the way down in the residential area. Local authorities initially reported that the vehicle’s automated driving assistance system was engaged when Butler crashed into Avila’s home, but the investigation reveals the acceleration disabled the FSD system entirely.

Driver’s Account Raises Questions About What Happened

Following the crash, Butler told hospital providers that he remembered putting the car in self-driving mode before he “passed out,” according to an arrest affidavit. The driver said he was completing a DoorDash delivery when the crash occurred and that he enabled FSD while changing the music on the Tesla’s center touchscreen. Authorities found no blood or alcohol in his system during post-crash testing.

Investigators also discovered that the brake pedal was never applied in the final minutes before the crash. Court documents cite data from Butler’s phone revealing several FSD-related searches, including “Tesla fsd not aggressive enough 2026 model,” “FSD is not aggressive enough for city driving,” and “tesla fsd too timid.” The searches suggest the driver may have been frustrated with the system’s cautious driving behavior in urban environments.

The larger unknown remains what caused Butler to accelerate so dramatically in a residential neighborhood. Texas police searched Butler’s phone with his permission and found that he was working as a DoorDash driver when the crash occurred. Phone data showed that Butler had no issues with the Tesla making multiple prior delivery stops, but he allegedly told police he didn’t remember leaving the highway or turning onto the residential streets.

Legal Consequences and Civil Lawsuit Filed

Butler was arrested earlier this month and now faces manslaughter charges for the deadly incident. The charges came in July, roughly one month after the crash that claimed Avila’s life. Prosecutors will likely focus on the driver’s manual override of the safety system and his failure to apply the brakes before impact.

Avila’s family filed a wrongful death lawsuit on June 24, accusing both Butler and Tesla of negligence and seeking damages for the woman’s death. The lawsuit comes amid growing scrutiny of Tesla’s autonomous driving technology. The family’s legal action targets the company’s marketing of features that require active driver supervision to take turns, complete lane changes, and otherwise navigate to destinations.

“In this case, the driver manually overrode self-driving by pressing the accelerator all the way to 100% of the accel pedal in this residential area,” Elluswamy wrote on X in June.

Federal Regulators Launch Multiple Investigations

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration has opened its own investigation into the Texas crash. The agency is examining whether Tesla’s Full Self-Driving system adequately monitors driver attention and whether the technology’s name misleads consumers about its capabilities. The FSD (Supervised) system is supposed to require active driver supervision at all times.

Despite that protection, multiple crashes where FSD was involved have drawn scrutiny from federal regulators. The NHTSA’s broader investigation aims to determine if Tesla’s self-driving technology poses systemic safety risks to the public. The agency has examined several incidents where drivers appeared to over-rely on the automated features.

On X, Elon Musk disputed early claims that autopilot was fully responsible for the crash. The Tesla CEO wrote that Butler must have overridden the feature because “FSD drives slowly through neighborhood streets, and this was a high-speed crash!” The NTSB’s preliminary findings now support Musk’s assertion about the manual override.

What the Preliminary Report Reveals

The NTSB’s preliminary report does not yet determine the root cause of the crash. The document focuses on factual findings gathered during the initial investigation phase. Investigators confirmed that FSD was engaged at the time of the crash, but electronic data clearly showed the driver pressed the accelerator pedal to maximum capacity, disabling the automated system.

The report establishes a critical timeline showing that Butler maintained full accelerator pressure even after the crash occurred. This detail suggests the driver remained incapacitated or unresponsive during and immediately following the impact. The case raises critical questions about driver responsibility versus system limitations in semi-autonomous vehicles.

Federal investigators will continue analyzing evidence and may interview additional witnesses before issuing a final report. The NTSB’s comprehensive analysis will likely include safety recommendations for both Tesla and the broader automotive industry. The final report is expected in the coming months.

Broader Implications for Autonomous Vehicle Safety

The Texas crash highlights ongoing debates about semi-autonomous driving technology and consumer understanding of its limitations. Tesla markets its Full Self-Driving feature as an advanced driver assistance system, but the name itself has drawn criticism from safety advocates who argue it misleads drivers about the technology’s capabilities. The system requires constant human supervision and immediate intervention when necessary.

The revelation that Butler searched for ways to make FSD “more aggressive” suggests some drivers may misunderstand the system’s design philosophy. Tesla programs its autonomous features to drive cautiously, particularly in residential areas where pedestrians and unexpected obstacles are common. The company has consistently emphasized that drivers must remain alert and ready to take control at all times.

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