On Saturday, India’s Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) directed Instagram to immediately disable all advertisements and content that promote child abuse. The ministry has demanded a detailed explanation within seven days and summoned Meta representatives to seek a formal response regarding how these disturbing advertisements bypassed the platform’s review and moderation systems.

The BBC’s investigation revealed on Friday that Instagram was running paid advertisements promoting child sexual abuse material in India, prompting swift regulatory action. The media report claimed that Instagram hosted paid advertisements with disturbing keywords with links to other social media channels where such material could be purchased. Government officials are now reviewing whether Meta has complied with India’s intermediary safety guidelines.

Meta Defends Its Moderation Systems

Meta has a strict policy against child abuse content, with a spokesperson telling CNBC that the company has zero tolerance for such material. The tech giant uses AI technology to proactively detect violating content and individuals, but acknowledged it faces a constant battle with criminals who hide among its 3.5 billion users and attempt to evade detection systems.

In its response to the media report, Meta acknowledged that no moderation system is perfect but highlighted its zero tolerance policy toward CSEAM. The company reported that upon being alerted, it disabled the offending advertisements, suspended the violating accounts, and blocked the associated URLs. Despite these assurances, IT officials are demanding answers on how these deeply disturbing advertisements successfully bypassed Meta’s pre-publication review pipeline.

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India Represents Meta’s Largest Global Market

The U.S. company faces no immediate risk of fines in India but has come under sharp regulatory scrutiny in its biggest market. India hosts the largest audience base for Instagram, with more than 480 million users, more than double the U.S. user base as of 2025, according to data from Statista. The country also boasts more than 400 million Facebook users, the most globally.

Neil Shah, vice president of research at Counterpoint Research, characterized this as “a wake-up call for Meta to tighten its compliance and control for its platforms.” He noted that the Indian government is keen to tighten the leash over these massive digital platforms, signaling a broader shift in regulatory approach toward tech giants operating in the country.

WhatsApp Faces Separate Warning Over Username Feature

Last week, Meta’s messaging app WhatsApp received a separate warning over the rollout of its username feature. The government claimed the feature could increase cybercrime incidents and has directed the platform to pause its plans. Meta defended the introduction of usernames, though details of its full response remain incomplete in available reports.

The back-to-back warnings to two of Meta’s three major platforms within a single week underscore the growing regulatory risks the social media giant faces in this key market. Distribution of pornography and child sexual abuse material is a criminal offense in India under its digital laws, with Section 67 (B) of the IT Act making it a punishable offense to publish or transmit material depicting children in sexually explicit acts in electronic form.

European Regulators Also Target Meta

India’s action comes as Meta faces mounting pressure from regulators worldwide. Earlier this year, the European Commission found that the social media giant was violating EU law by failing to prevent children below 13 from accessing its platforms. Though Meta disagreed with the preliminary findings, it could face fines of up to 6% of its total worldwide annual turnover if the findings are confirmed.

Child Sexual Exploitative and Abuse Material (CSEAM) refers to material containing sexual images in any form of a child who is abused or sexually exploited, according to the National Cyber Crime Reporting Portal. Content posted on social media intermediaries is guided by their content policy and community guidelines, and users can report violations through established channels.

Government Demands Stricter Compliance

The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology’s notice issued Saturday evening ordered Instagram to disable all ads and content promoting and facilitating access to CSEAM. The government’s demand for a detailed explanation within seven days signals its intention to hold Meta accountable for content moderation failures on its platform.

Government sources indicate that MeitY had taken cognizance of reports that Instagram showcased certain objectionable material promoting child sexual abuse before issuing directions to officials to seek a response from Meta. The formal summoning of Meta representatives represents a rare escalation in India’s typically measured approach to regulating foreign tech companies operating within its borders.

As Meta navigates these regulatory challenges, the company must balance its global operations with local compliance requirements across diverse markets. The simultaneous warnings across Instagram and WhatsApp demonstrate that Indian regulators are willing to apply pressure across Meta’s entire platform ecosystem rather than targeting individual services in isolation.

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